Radar and Navigation Systems

Navigation is to bring a plane from one location to another and to be able to determine its location
at all times. The simplest way of air navigation is to enable the airplane to go to the desired
location via marker beacons on the ground.
Installed navigation systems are have advanced technology and compliance with international
civil aviation standards (ICAO SHGM FAA), they are certified by periodic ground and flight
controls.

Radar:
It is an essential ancillary for radio navigation, especially in air traffic control.
The purpose of radar systems, both on airplane and ground, is to determine the location and
distance of an object.
The working principle is based on determining the distance between the transmitter and the
object by measuring of the return time of the transmitted waveguide from the object.

ILS (Instrument Landing System):
ILS is a system that enables safe landing for the airplane with electronic devices when the
cloud ceiling is low, vision and other meteorological factors are poor. ILS consists of three
main ground systems:

• LOCALIZER
• GLIDE PATH
• MARKERS

DVOR(Doppler VHF Omni-directional Range/Radio): Navigation System
It has been developed to eliminate information errors caused by reflections of metal
structures or vehicles inside the airport or around the VOR station. This system is more
sensitive than other VOR systems and the error margin is lower.

DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
It is a system that gives the pilot the distance between ground station and airplane and
broadcasts in UHF band. It is commonly used with VOR. In this way, the pilot obtains both
radial and distance information at the same time.
In such a system, VOR frequency selection of the pilot automatically enables them to select
the DME frequency connected to it as well (VOR / DME). When the station is overhead, the
DME station will indicate the altitude of the airplane.

NDB(Non-Directional Beacon)
An NDB can be used in airways, as an airfield or as an ILS inserter, or in conjunction with a
VOR or around an airport by itself.
Today, NDB that used for navigational purposes is used along with DME to provide a simple
approach aid.

TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation System)
TACAN is a radio navigation system used only in military aviation. TACAN provides direction
and distance information for military aircraft.
A DME receiver can receive signals sent by a TACAN station and can make use of distance
information.